Parallel structure, also called parallelism, is the use of the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas are equally important. Using parallel structure improves readability and makes sentences smoother and clearer.
Parallel structure occurs when we connect phrases, clauses, or lists using the same grammatical form. This makes writing easier to understand and more engaging. For example, instead of saying, “She likes to read, painting, and to dance,” a sentence with proper parallel structure would be: “She likes reading, painting, and dancing.” Notice how all the activities are in the same verb form.
Why Is Parallel Structure Important?
Parallel structure not only makes writing smoother, but it also prevents confusion. When a sentence lacks parallelism, it sounds awkward and can confuse the reader. This grammatical technique also adds balance to writing and helps communicate ideas more clearly.
Parallel structure is commonly used in the following areas:
Lists
When listing items or actions, all elements must follow the same grammatical pattern.
- Incorrect: The coach told the players to run, lifting weights, and stretch before practice.
- Correct: The coach told the players to run, lift weights, and stretch before practice.
Coordinating Conjunctions (and, or, but)
When using coordinating conjunctions, ensure that the parts of the sentence joined are in parallel form.
- Incorrect: He enjoys swimming, to hike, and biking.
- Correct: He enjoys swimming, hiking, and biking.
Correlative Conjunctions (both…and, either…or, not only…but also)
Correlative conjunctions need parallel structure to maintain balance in a sentence.
- Incorrect: She is both smart and has a great personality.
- Correct: She is both smart and kind.
Comparisons (than, as)
When making comparisons, the elements compared should be in parallel form.
- Incorrect: Running a marathon is harder than to swim a mile.
- Correct: Running a marathon is harder than swimming a mile.
Learn the various uses of parallel structure to enhance clarity and flow in English sentences.
How to Identify Parallel Structure
When writing, always check to see if the items in a sentence follow the same structure. If a sentence contains a list of actions, all actions should be in the same grammatical form, such as all gerunds (-ing verbs) or all infinitives (to + base verb).
To identify parallelism, you can ask yourself:
- Are the verbs or verb phrases in a series consistent?
- Are the comparisons or ideas connected in the same grammatical structure?
- Are the elements connected by conjunctions balanced?
Common Mistakes with Parallel Structure
Mixing Verb Forms
- Incorrect: He likes to swim, jogging, and hike.
- Correct: He likes swimming, jogging, and hiking.
Using Different Types of Clauses
- Incorrect: The project requires you to research the topic, writing a report, and you must present your findings.
- Correct: The project requires you to research the topic, write a report, and present your findings.
Mixing Gerunds and Infinitives
- Incorrect: She enjoys to read, writing, and to cook.
- Correct: She enjoys reading, writing, and cooking.
Improving Your Writing with Parallel Structure
To use parallel structure effectively in your writing:
- Pay attention to verbs and make sure they match.
- Look at conjunctions and ensure that both parts of the sentence are structured the same way.
- Use parallelism in lists, comparisons, and when combining phrases or clauses to create balance.
Parallel structure makes your writing clearer, more professional, and easier to follow. It’s an essential grammar tool, especially in academic and formal writing, where clarity and consistency are crucial.
You May Also Like
